Influential Identity essays

Influential Identity essays Living in a prejudiced country, moving back and forth from slow country life; Arkansas, to a fast pace society; St. Louis, being pregnant at 16 are some of the many problems Maya faced with as an African American teenager. The book, I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings by Maya Angelou is an autobiography, which portrays Mayas life as an African American teenager and gives us an insight on southern life during the 1930s. The book is a recollection of her childhood years with Bailey, grandmother Henderson momma, and her friend Louise Kendrick and how their personalities influenced her to beget her own identity. The first of the three characters is Louis Kendrick. Louis was Maya's first friend. Maya describes her as: "Her face, which was long and dark chocolate brown, had a thin sheet of sadness over it, as light but as permanent as the viewing gauze on a coffin. And her eyes, which I thought her best feature, shifted quickly as if what they sought had just a second before eluded her. She had come near and the spotted light through the trees fell on her face. I had never noticed before, but she looked exactly like Bailey. Her hair was "good" more straight than kinky and her features had the regularity of objects placed by a careful hand". (pg.140) Louis, according to Mayas description is the total opposite of Maya. When Maya and Louis first meet each other they are shy, however as they get to know each other they became best friends. She says "In daring to challenge the unknown with me, she became my first friend" (page 142). Louis influenced Maya greatly as she gave her a chance to be a girl. On page 142 Maya says: " Since all the other children spoke Pig Latin, we were superior because Tut was hard to speak and even hard to understand. At last I began to comprehend what girls giggled about. Louise would rattle a few sentences to me in the unintelligible Tu ...

War of 1812 Overview - Aftermath

War of 1812 Overview - Aftermath 1814: Advances in the North A Capital Burned | War of 1812: 101 Efforts for Peace As the war raged, President James Madison worked to bring it to a peaceful conclusion. Hesitant about going to war in the first place, Madison instructed his chargà © d’affaires in London, Jonathan Russell, to seek reconciliation with the British a week after war was declared in 1812. Russell was ordered to seek a peace that only required the British to repeal the Orders in Council and halt impressment. Presenting this to the British foreign minister, Lord Castlereagh, Russell was rebuffed as they were unwilling to move on the latter issue. There was little progress on the peace front until early 1813 when Czar Alexander I of Russia offered to mediate an end to hostilities. Having turned back Napoleon, he was eager benefit from trade with both Great Britain and the United States. Alexander also sought to befriend the United States as a check against British power. Upon learning of the czars offer, Madison accepted and dispatched a peace delegation consisting of John Quincy Adams, James Bayard, and Albert Gallatin. The Russian offer was declined by the British who claimed that the matters in question were internal to the belligerents and not of international concern. Progress was finally achieved later that year following the Allied victory at the Battle of Leipzig. With Napoleon defeated, Castlereagh offered to open direct negotiations with the United States. Madison accepted on January 5, 1814, and added Henry Clay and Jonathan Russell to the delegation. Traveling first to Goteborg, Sweden, they then headed south to Ghent, Belgium where the talks were to take place. Moving slowly, the British did not appoint a commission until May and their representatives did not depart for Ghent until August 2. Unrest on the Home Front As the fighting continued, those in New England and the South grew tired of the war. Never a great supporter of the conflict, New Englands coast was raided with impunity and its economy on the verge of collapse as the Royal Navy swept American shipping from the seas. South of the Chesapeake, commodity prices plummeted as farmers and plantation owners were unable to export cotton, wheat, and tobacco. Only in Pennsylvania, New York, and the West was there any degree of prosperity though this was largely related federal expenditures relating to the war effort. This spending led to resentment in New England and the South, as well as precipitated a financial crisis in Washington. Taking office in late 1814, Treasury Secretary Alexander Dallas forecasted a $12 million revenue shortfall for that year and predicted a $40 million shortfall for 1815. Efforts were made to cover the difference through loans and issuing treasury notes. For those who wished to continue the war, there was a genuine concern that there would not be funds to do so. During the course of the conflict, the national debt had ballooned from $45 million in 1812 to $127 million in 1815. While this angered Federalists who had opposed the war initially, it also worked to undermine Madisons support among his own Republicans. The Hartford Convention The unrest sweeping parts of the country came to a head in New England in late 1814. Angered over the federal governments inability to protect its coasts and its unwillingness to reimburse states for doing so themselves, the Massachusetts legislature called for a regional convention to discuss the issues and weigh whether the solution was something as radical as secession from the United States. This proposition was accepted by Connecticut which offered to host the meeting in Hartford. While Rhode Island agreed to send a delegation, New Hampshire and Vermont refused to officially sanction the meeting and sent representatives in an unofficial capacity. A largely moderate group, they convened in Hartford on December 15. Though their discussions were largely limited to a states right to nullify legislation that adversely affected its citizens and issues related to states preempting federal collection of taxes, the group badly erred by holding its meetings in secret. This led to wild speculation regarding its proceedings. When the group released its report on January 6, 1815, both Republicans and Federalists were relieved to see that it was largely a list of recommended constitutional amendments that were designed to prevent foreign conflicts in the future. This relief quickly evaporated as people came to consider the what ifs of the convention. As a result, those involved quickly became and associated with terms such as treason and disunion. As many were Federalists, the party became similarly tainted effectively ending it as a national force. Emissaries from the convention made it as far as Baltimore before learning of the wars end. The Treaty of Ghent While the American delegation contained several rising stars, the British group was less glamorous and consisted of admiralty lawyer William Adams, Admiral Lord Gambier, and Under-Secretary of State for War and the Colonies Henry Goulburn. Due to the proximity of Ghent to London, the three were kept on a short leash by Castlereagh and Goulburns superior, Lord Bathurst. As the negotiations moved forward, the Americans pressed for an elimination of impressment while the British desired a Native American buffer state between the Great Lakes and the Ohio River. While the British refused to even discuss impressment, the Americans flatly refused to consider ceding territory back to the Native Americans. 1814: Advances in the North A Capital Burned | War of 1812: 101 1814: Advances in the North A Capital Burned | War of 1812: 101 As the two sides sparred, the American position was weakened by the burning of Washington. With the deteriorating financial situation, war weariness at home, and concerns over future British military successes, the Americans became more willing to deal. Similarly, with fighting and negotiations at a stalemate, Castlereagh consulted the Duke of Wellington, who had turned down command in Canada, for advice. As the British held no meaningful American territory, he recommended a return to status quo ante bellum and an immediate end to the war. With talks at the Congress of Vienna breaking down as a rift opened between Britain and Russia, Castlereagh became eager to end the conflict in North America to focus on European matters. Renewing the talks, both sides ultimately agreed to a return to status quo ante bellum. Several minor territorial and border issues were set aside for future resolution and the two sides signed the Treaty of Ghent on December 24, 1814. The treaty included no mention of impressment or a Native American state. Copies of the treaty were prepared and sent to London and Washington for ratification. The Battle of New Orleans The British plan for 1814 called for three major offensives with one coming from Canada, another striking at Washington, and the third hitting New Orleans. While the thrust from Canada was defeated at the Battle of Plattsburgh, the offensive in the Chesapeake region saw some success before being halted at Fort McHenry. A veteran of the latter campaign, Vice Admiral Sir Alexander Cochrane moved south that fall for the attack on New Orleans. Having embarked 8,000-9,000 men, under the command of Major General Edward Pakenham, Cochranes fleet arrived off Lake Borgne on December 12. In New Orleans, the defense of city was tasked to Major General Andrew Jackson, commanding the Seventh Military District, and Commodore Daniel Patterson who oversaw the US Navys forces in the region. Working frantically, Jackson assembled around 4,000 men which included the 7th US Infantry, a variety of militia, Jean Lafittes Baratarian pirates, as well as free black and Native American troops. Assuming a strong defensive position along the river, Jackson prepared to receive Pakenhams assault. With both sides unaware that peace had been concluded, the British general moved against the Americans on January 8, 1815. In a series of attacks, the British were repulsed and Pakenham killed. The signature American land victory of the war, the Battle of New Orleans forced the British to withdraw and re-embark. Moving east, they contemplated an attack on Mobile, but learned of the wars end before it could move forward. The Second War of Independence While the British government had speedily ratified the Treaty of Ghent on December 28, 1814, it took much longer for word to reach across the Atlantic. News of the treaty arrived in New York on February 11, a week after the city learned of Jacksons triumph. Adding to the spirit of celebration, the news that the war had ended quickly spread throughout the country. Receiving a copy of the treaty, the US Senate ratified it by a 35-0 vote on February 16 to officially bring the war to a close. Once the relief of peace had worn off, the war was viewed in the United States as a victory. This belief was propelled by victories such as New Orleans, Plattsburgh, and Lake Erie as well as by the fact that the nation had successfully resisted the power of the British Empire. Success in this second war of independence helped forge a new national consciousness and ushered in the Era of Good Feelings in American politics. Having gone to war for its national rights, the United States never again was refused proper treatment as an independent nation. Conversely, the war was also viewed as victory in Canada where the residents took pride in having successfully defended their land from American invasion attempts. In Britain, little thought was given to the conflict especially as the spectre of Napoleon rose again in March 1815. While the war is noew generally viewed as stalemate between the principal combatants, the Native Americans exited the conflict as losers. Effectively forced out of the Northwest Territory and large tracts of the Southeast, their hope for a state of their own vanished with the end of the war. 1814: Advances in the North A Capital Burned | War of 1812: 101

Black Theology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Black Theology - Essay Example In the midst of this turbulent period, a relatively unknown theologian from a rural town in Arkansas emerged to confront the abstract and irrelevant definitions of white mainstream theology and to speak to the social conditions of black Americans. James Cone has been called "the father" of black theology, "the leading exponent of black theology," and the "premier black theologian" (Burrow, 1993, p. 1). Grenz and Olson (1992, p. 206) acknowledge, "Cone was able to emerge as an important voice for the new Black theology in part because he shared the plight of Blacks through his upbringing in the South. This qualified him to understand their feelings and speak on their behalf. At the same time, his voice was significant because he had obtained the academic credentials necessary to gain a hearing in the largely White-dominated theological circle." Cone wrote the first systematic treatment of black theology. His books, articles, and lectures launched black liberation theology into the national and international theological arena. As Hopkins (2002, p. 16) argues, "I believe he was the first person in the history of the United States to position liberation of the poor as the central and foundational preaching and teaching of Jesus And Cone was one of two people in the world to first write books on liberation theology." To better contextualise this assessment, it would be pertinent to point out that Hopkins (2002, p. 14) defines black liberation theology as "the name given to a movement created by a group of African American pastors in the late 1960s who felt that the gospel of Jesus Christ had a positive message for black people." Arguably, there were three historic events that provided the context for the formation of black theology as a movement: (1) the civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s, associated with Martin Luth er King Jr., (2) the publication of Joseph Washington's book, Black Religion: The Negro and Christianity in the United States (1964), and (3) the rise of the black power movement, strongly influenced by Malcolm X's philosophy of black nationalism (Burrow, 1993). In the 1960s, the notoriety of the civil rights movement emerged under the leadership and direction of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. He confronted racism and discrimination using a social-oriented theology and a nonviolent method of protest. His pastoral concern and academic training gave a theological and biblical voice to the debilitating implications of racial oppression. Second, Joseph Washington's (1964) book Black Religion was one of the major writings to argue that black religion is not identical to white Protestantism or any other expression of Euro-American Christianity. "Rejecting the thesis of earlier studies that viewed Black religion as one aspect of the broader category of North American Protestantism, Washington asserted that it was actually a distinctive phenomenon in North American religious life" (Grenz and Olson, 1992, p. 204). Finally, with the influence of Malcolm X, phrases like "black nationalism," "black pride," and "black power" emerged to raise black consciousn ess and reclaim black identity in American society. The three historical benchmarks - the civil rights movement, Black Religion, and the black power movement -provided the conte

Ideology And International Relations In The Modern World Case Study

Ideology And International Relations In The Modern World - Case Study Example The inter-reactions between other countries are only for settling disputes between themselves, but at the same time, the main question to be kept in mind is the choice of the monarch. There are many other factors which should influence the decisions of individual countries, but all countries want to be independent first and effective for the improvement of a lot of their people and other people afterward. Till a few years back, there were two powers with one situated in Washington and the other in Moscow and they could not afford to fight with each other. This led them to battles in absentia in the Third World and those were among the countries that were supported by one of the two superpowers. This led to conflicts among the two for the political allegiance of Asians, Africans, or Latin Americans. This was the method of promotion of the two so-called ideologies - capitalism or communism. The only possible alternative, which existed in places where these conflicts were not desired, w as the Cold War. (Cassels, 1996, p. 207) Yet the development or reactions of countries were dependants not on their benefits, but the desire of the two leaders. Today, the conflict of the state has deteriorated further and all are based on constitutions which define the political authorities of the country, or the countries within the area. These consist of states, countries dependant on other states and even international organizations some of whom are even for the commercial benefit of groups of shareholders. It is they who control trade, control the flow of money and investment within the area, invade other countries within the area, ally with some groups for the benefit of their masters, intervene in the ongoing civil conflicts within other states, etc.

Importance of Risk Assessment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Importance of Risk Assessment - Research Paper Example Effective risk assessment is quite crucial to the success of every organization or business activity.Risk assessment requires consistently applying and defining an approach that is tailored to the organization. Any assessment activity begins with the outlay of a plan and scope considering objectives, timing, input, output and responsibility requirements (Wenyuan 21). These responsibilities are assigned to parties that can provide a meaningful perspective on relevant risks. In implementing these responsibilities, one requires input sources which are determined by the information available such as prior assessments, lessons learned and loss data. On the other hand, output requirements are determined based on specific requirements of sponsors and stakeholders. The execution of the assessment process is done once the planning and scoping have been determined. Â  There are several important steps required in carrying out a risk assessment.The first step involves the identification of relevant organization objectives. Identifying relevant objectives provides a basis for ascertaining the potential risks that may have an impact on the achievement of certain objectives. It further ensures relevance of consequential risk assessment and management plan to important organizational objectives. These objectives are usually defined as a number of organizational levels and it is necessary to comprehend how they are formulated. (Vose 12). Moreover, well-formulated objectives are analyzed by considering the weaknesses, opportunities, threats, and strengths.

Effect of Formic Acid Supplementation on Brioler Chickens

Effect of Formic Acid Supplementation on Brioler Chickens Effect of Formic Acid supplementation on some biochemical parameters of broiler chickens Murad K. Al-Fadhli*, Nora Q. Abbas *, Mustafa J. Jalil* * Ministry of Science and Technology, Animal and Fish Research Center Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding different concentrations of the organic furmaric acid to the drinking water on some biochemical parameters of broiler chickens aged between 21 and 42 days. Organic formic acid was added to the drinking water in the following concentration (0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3%) represented the treatment group (T1, T2 and T3) respectively. In the control group (T4), the drinking water was free of formic acids. Blood samples were collected at 21 and 42 days of age. At 21 days of age, data indicated that the first treatment group (T1) showed a significant increase (P†°Ã‚ ¤0.05) in serum total protein and albumin and significant decrease (P†°Ã‚ ¤0.05) in each of serum cholesterol, triglycerides and serum glucose. The second treatment group (T2) was also showed a significant increase (P†°Ã‚ ¤0.05) in serum total protein and albumin, in addition to serum cholesterol but it showed significant decrease (P†°Ã‚ ¤0.05) in both serum triglycerides and serum glucose. Whereas the third treatment group (T3) was showed a significant increase (P†°Ã‚ ¤0.05) in each of serum total protein, albumin, cholesterol, and serum triglycerides, but it was showed non-significant differences (P†°Ã‚ ¥0.05) in serum glucose concentration. The result of the blood samples that was collected at 42 days of age indicated a presence of a significant decrease (P†°Ã‚ ¤0.05) in serum total protein level, non-significant differences (P†°Ã‚ ¥0.05) in both of albumin and cholesterol level, but it was showed a significant increase (P†°Ã‚ ¤0.05) in both serum triglycerides and glucose levels in the first treatment group (T1). The second treatment group (T2) was showed a significant increase (P†°Ã‚ ¤0.05) in each of serum total protein, triglycerides and serum glucose levels, but it was showed non-significant differences (P†°Ã‚ ¥0.05) in serum albumin level and non-significant decrease (P†°Ã‚ ¥0.05) in seru m glucose levels. The result from the third treatment group (T3) indicated non-significant differences (P†°Ã‚ ¥0.05) in each of serum total protein, albumin, cholesterol levels, and non-significant decrease in serum glucose levels. Indicated results showing the importance of adding organic formic acid to the drinking water in the improvement of some physiological traits of broiler chickens. Key words: organic acids, formic acid, physiological traits, broiler chickens. Introduction: Broiler chicken meat is considered one of the most important sources of animal protein and the poultry production rate was 25% of the total global production of meat (1). Broiler chicken meat is characterized by their high nutritional value as it is rich in the essential elements in addition to its easy digestion (2). Poultry production has consistently in recent years to find the ways to improve the growth rates in order to obtain the highest conversion efficiency of food as well as reduction of the negative effects of the diseases that lead to heavy economic losses. One of the most important ways to control the negative effect of the diseases was the introduction of the antibiotics in the poultry production (3). However, use of these antibiotics on a large scale has led to the development of the bacterial resistance to antibiotics. In addition to that, use of antibiotics lead to cumulative harmful effect on poultry meat as it alters the bacterial environment and leading to weakenin g performance of poultry production (4). Therefore, the research tries to find an alternative to antibiotics to control the negative effect of the diseases and among these alternatives to antibiotics was the use of organic acids and the addition of probiotic to poultry feeds (5). Organic acids are weak acids that are commonly found in fruit juices and fermented foods and that are added to foods as preservative agents (6). Organic acids have been used for decades in feed preservation, for protecting feed from microbial and fungal destruction or to increase the preservation effect of fermented feed. Organic acids have increasingly and successfully been supplemented in feed in broiler production. The way of action of organic acids seems to be related to a reduction of pH in the upper intestinal tract, interfering with the growth of undesirable bacteria and modifying the intestinal flora (7). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of adding different concentrations of t he organic formic acid to the drinking water on some physiological traits of broiler chickens. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in the chicken field of the poultry section in the Center of Animal Resources and Fisheries Agricultural Research Directorate Ministry of Science and Technology, which included the field and laboratory study to examine the effect of adding formic acid in the drinking water on the productive performance of broiler chickens. 84 mixed sexes broiler chickens (Rose Type), one-day old, were used for the experiment. These broiler chickens were distributed randomly inside a closed room into four groups as the following: First group (Treatment 1): The Drinking water treated with 0.1 % formic acid. Second group (Treatment 2): The Drinking water treated with 0.2 % formic acid. Third group (Treatment 3): The Drinking water treated with 0.3 % formic acid. Fourth group (Control group): Free of formic acid. Each group was further sub-divided into three replicates of 7 birds per replicate. A photo period of 24 hours day was maintained since the start of the experiment and until the end of the sixth week by using electric lamps. The ingredient and the chemical composition of the diets presented in Table 1. They were analyzed using N.R.C (1994) procedure. Feed and water were provided ad libitum during the experiment. Table 1: The ingredient and the chemical composition of the diets Ingredients Percentage composition Yellow corn 43 wheat 12 Barley 9 Soybean meal 20 Animal protein concentrate 12 Oil 3 Limestone 0.7 Salt 0.3 Total 100% Calculated levels Crude protein (%) 21.14 ME (Kcal/kg) 3032 Protein-energy ratios 143 Lysine (%) 0.82 Methionine + Cystine (%) 0.73 Crude fiber (%) 2.16 Blood samples were collected at 21 and 42 days of age from the wing vein and centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 5 minutes by using Hettich centrifuge to separate the serum samples and the obtained sera were aspirated into sterile vials and kept in deep freezer (-20 °C) for the later analysis of the serum biochemical parameters that include the serum total protein, albumin, cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose and these analysis was estimated by using the Vegasys chemical analyzer device (AMS Co., Italy). Statistical analysis was performed with statistical program Statistacal Analysis System (SAS) (2001). Means were compared by the Duncans multiple range test at the level of 5% probability (1955). Results and Discussion: The results illustrated in Table (2) indicate the serum biochemical analysis of the broiler chickens at 21 days of age. These data showed a significant increase (P†°Ã‚ ¤0.05) in the concentration of serum total protein and albumin in the treatment groups (T1, T2 and T3) in compartment with the control group (T4). Serum cholesterol concentration was significantly increased (P†°Ã‚ ¤0.05) in the treatment groups (T2 and T3) while it was significantly decreased (P†°Ã‚ ¤0.05) in the treatment group (T1) in compartment with control group (T4). Serum triglycerides concentration showed a significant decrease (P†°Ã‚ ¤0.05) in the treatment groups (T1 and T2), while it was significantly increased (P†°Ã‚ ¤0.05) in the treatment group (T3) in compartment with control group (T4). Serum glucose concentration was also significantly decreased (P†°Ã‚ ¤0.05) in the treatment groups (T1 and T2), but it was non- significantly increased (P†°Ã‚ ¥0.05) in the treatment gr oup (T3) in compartment with control group (T4). Table (2): Serum biochemical analysis of the broiler chickens at 21 days of age. Treatments Total Protein g/dl Albumin Cholesterol triglycerides Glucose T1 (0.1%) 3.84 + 0.31 a 1.566 + 0.98 b 134 + c 2.34 111.66 + c 2.73 235.33 + b 3.52 T2 (0.2%) 3.86 + 0.31 a 1.813 + 0.01 a 154.33 + 6.64 b 114.66 + 9.20 c 293.33 + 7.05 b T3 (0.3%) 3.64 + 0.12 b 1.7933 + 0.06 a 169.33 + 7.68 a 140.33 + a 8.55 370.0 + 10.26 a T4 control 2.97 + 0.24 c 1.506 + 0.17 c 150 + 10.11 b 120 + b 5.53 361.66 + a 3.69 The data in Table (3) showed the serum biochemical analysis of the broiler chickens at 42 days of age. These results showed a significant decrease (P†°Ã‚ ¤0.05) in serum total protein concentration of the treatment group (T1) and significant increase (P†°Ã‚ ¤0.05) in the treatment group (T2) but there were non-significant differences (P†°Ã‚ ¥0.05) in the treatment group (T3) in compartment with the treatment group (T4). Serum albumin concentration showed non-significant differences (P†°Ã‚ ¥0.05) between the treatment groups (T1, T2, and T3) and control group (T4). There were also non-significant differences (P†°Ã‚ ¥0.05) in serum cholesterol concentration between the treatment group (T1 and T3) while it was significantly increased (P†°Ã‚ ¤0.05) in the treatment group (T2) in compartment with the control group (T4). Serum triglycerides concentration was significantly decreased (P†°Ã‚ ¤0.05) in the treatment group (T3), while it was significantly incr eased (P†°Ã‚ ¤0.05) in the treatment groups (T1 and T2) in compartment with the control group (T4). Serum glucose concentration showed a significant increase (P†°Ã‚ ¤0.05) in the treatment group (T1) and non-significant decrease (P†°Ã‚ ¥0.05) in the treatment groups (T2 and T3) in compartment with the control group (T4). Table (2): Serum biochemical analysis of the broiler chickens at 42 days of age. Treatments Total Protein g/dl Albumin Cholesterol triglycerides Glucose T1 (0.1%) 3.686 + 0.19 c 1.803 + 0.12 157.66 + 5.17 b 129.33 + 7.83 a 356.33 + a 4.35 T2 (0.2%) 3.883 + 0.13 a 1.793 + 0.72 170.66 + a 8.78 123.33 + 9.24 a 289.33 + c 4.17 T3 (0.3%) 3.840 + 0.10 b 1.836 + 0.04 157.66 + b 4.97 114.33 + 4.80 c 259.33 + 5.81 c T4 control 3.846 + 0.15 b 1.77 + 0.14 149.33 + 8.74 b 121.33 + b 7.03 3055.33 + 2.60 b In this experiment, the addition of formic acid to the diet resulted in reducing the mortality rate and this result was agreeing with previous results indicated a decrease in the proportion of the mortality rate when using a probiotics containing organic acids in the diets of broiler chickens (8). In this study, the addition of formic acid to the diet resulted in significant decrease in the total cholesterol. The results obtained from the present study are in agreement with the results obtained by (El-Kerawy 1996) (9). The significant reduction in serum cholesterol could be attributed to the probiotic secretion of organic acid that stimulate the probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus to reduces the cholesterol in the blood by deconjugating bile salts in the intestine, thereby preventing them from acting as precursors in cholesterol synthesis (Abdulrahim et al., 1996) (10). In the present study, the addition of formic acid to diets was significantly decreased the serum triglycer ides concentration and this decline may be due to secretion of the inuline and the inulin in turn has an inhibitor effect on the triglycerides synthesis processes (11). This experiment was showed a significant age-related difference either in the levels of the serum total protein, albumin and serum glucose. These age-related changes have also been observed in broilers chickens reported by (Sribhen C. et al, 2003) (12). The effect of organic acid supplementation on protein metabolism may be related to improvement of intestinal amino-acids absorption in acidic conditions that consequently enhances protein synthesis (13). This study concluded that the use of organic formic acid had a role in the improvement of some physiological traits in broiler chickens. References:   Ã‚   F.O.A, Statistics and meat. 2000 Rafh M.T. Khuleel. Economical Evaluation of Broiler Ration Used in Ninawa Province. Mesopotamia Journal of Agriculture. 2005: 33 (1): 30-34. Mathivanan R. Andrographispaniculata as alternatives to Antibiotic Growth promoter on Broiler production and carcass characteristics. Intern J Poul Sci. 2006: 5 (12): 1144-1150. Paryod A, and Mahmoudi M. Effect of different levels of supplemental yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on performance blood constituents and carcass characteristics of broiler chicks. African J Agricul I Res. 2008: 3(12): 835-842. Deng R. Food and Food supplements with hypocholestrolmic effects. Recent patent on food nutrition and Agriculture. 2009: 1 :15-24. Là ¼ck, E. and M. Jager,. Antimicrobial food Omogbenigun, F.O., C.M. Nyachti and B.A. Solminski, additives: characteristics, uses, effects. Springer-Veriag, Berlin, Germany. 1997: 137: 144-239. Kirchgessner, M. and F.X. Roth. Formic acid as a feed additive in pig nutrition. Pig News Inf. 1982: 3: 259-264. N. R. Sallh and N. A. J. Al Hussary. Effect of probiotics supplementation on some biochemical parameters of broiler chickens. Iraqi journal of Veterinary Sciences. 2009: 23 (1): 239-249. EI-Kerawy DMA. Acidified feed for growing rabbits. Egypt J Rabbit Sci. 1996: 6: 143-156. Abdulrahim, S.M., Haddadin, M.S.Y., Hashlamoun, E.A.R., Robinson, R.K. The influence of Lactobacillus acidophilus and bacitracin on layer performance of chickens and cholesterol content of plasma and egg yolk. British Poultry Science. 1996: 37 (2): 341, 346. Trautwein EA, Rieckhoff D, And Erbersdobler HF. Dietary Inulin Lowers Plasma Cholesterol and Triacylglycerol and Alters Biliary Bile Acid Profile in Hamsters. J Nutr. 1998: 128: 1937-1943. Sribhen C, Choothesa A, Songserm T, and Sribhen K. Age-related differences in levels of blood chemistry parameters and cardiacmarker proteins in commercial broilers. Kasetsart J Nat Sci. 2003: 37: 321-326. SKINNER J.J., IZAT A.L., WALDROUP P.W.( 1991) : Research note :Formic acids enhance performance of broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 1991: 70, 1444-1447.

Homosexuality in the Film Latter Days and in Sexual Perversion by Nagel

From the assigned readings and film, I felt that I have gained a better understanding on one of the most controversial types of relationships, homosexuality. The topic of homosexuality isn’t easy to openly talk about but it is important as philosophy students, to have an open-mind about topics that we don’t partake in. Doing so allows us to promote new ways of thinking about the world around us and see them in a whole new light. In this personal response paper, I will discuss homosexuality in connection with the film Latter Days to determine why a homosexual relationship can meet Kant’s criteria for acceptable love as mentioned in Ruse’s essay, â€Å"Is Homosexuality Bad Sexuality?†, as well as why it qualifies as a complete and healthy relationship as described by Nagel in â€Å"Sexual Perversion.† Michael Ruse’s essay revolves around the central question if homosexuality is an acceptable form of relationship. In order to help answer this question, Ruse examines this argument from multiple philosophical perspectives, mainly the categorical imperative and utilitarianism. The first ethical framework is Kant’s categorical imperative. According to this theory, a person should not use another for their own benefit or the benefit of others because â€Å"people must be treated as subjective worthy beings in their own right† (Ruse, 1995, pg.113). This means that in a relationship, one must not treat the other as a means to the fulfillment of their sexual desires (e.g. as a sexual object). Instead, there must be respect for the dignity of the other. â€Å"By giving oneself reciprocally – by yielding oneself, body and soul – one shows respect for the other as an end and not just as a means† (Ruse, 1995, pg. 113). In doing so, according to Kant, there woul... ...ity was something that I never really took the time to think about but after reading the essays and watching the film, I have newfound respect for homosexuality. I know it’s only a matter of opinion, but I do genuinely feel that homosexuality is indeed an acceptable way for people to act and that there is nothing wrong with it. Works Cited Nagel, T. (1995). Sexual perversion. In R. Stewart (4th Ed.), Philosophical Perspectives on Sex and Love (pp. 105-112). New York, New York: Oxford University Press, Inc. Ruse, M. (1995). Is homosexuality bad sexuality?. In R.Stewart (4th Ed.), Philosophical Perspectives on Sex and Love (pp. 113-123). New York, New York: Oxford University Press, Inc. Schaefer, J. & Tibbles, K. (Producers), & Cox, C.J. (Director). (2003). Latter days [Motion picture]. United States: Funny Boy Films & Davis Entertainment Filmworks.